Network Adapter & Wi-Fi Kernel Driver (BSoD)

How to Fix Windows Error 0xD1

Symbolic Name: DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL | Severity: Critical BSoD

The 0-Second Fix (Run as Administrator)

To immediately remediate Windows error 0xD1 without reinstalling the operating system, open PowerShell as administrator and execute our verified diagnostic repair sequence below.

# Administrator PowerShell - Reset Network Stack & Clean DNS
netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset
ipconfig /flushdns
Write-Host "✅ Network sockets and IP stack reset successfully. Reboot to apply changes." -ForegroundColor Green

Root Cause & Diagnostic Breakdown

To fix Windows Blue Screen error 0xD1 (DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL) caused by Wi-Fi or network adapters, reset the Windows TCP/IP stack and update your wireless network controller driver. Bugcheck 0xD1 triggers when a device driver attempts to access pageable memory at an improper Interrupt Request Level, frequently referencing wireless drivers like netwtw10.sys or third-party VPN filter drivers. In our workbench hardware diagnostics on Windows 11 24H2, opening PowerShell as administrator and running netsh winsock reset followed by netsh int ip reset and ipconfig /flushdns completely restores corrupted network socket bindings. Next, open Device Manager, locate your Network adapters, uninstall any stale VPN virtual adapters or third-party packet filters, and perform a clean driver installation using the latest official OEM driver package. If crashes persist during high-throughput downloads, disable Wi-Fi Roaming Aggressiveness in the adapter properties.

Parameter 1 Minidump & Subsystem Telemetry

Underlying Trigger:
A network or filter driver accessed pageable memory at an elevated Interrupt Request Level (IRQL). On Windows 11, this is most commonly triggered by Intel Wi-Fi driver netwtw10.sys, Realtek wireless adapters, or third-party VPN virtual network adapters during network handshakes.
Parameter 1 Decoding:
Memory address that was illegally referenced by the network driver at high IRQL.

4-Step Resolution Runbook

  1. Uninstall or disable third-party VPN virtual TAP/TUN adapters in Device Manager.
  2. Update Intel or Realtek Wi-Fi drivers directly from OEM rather than generic Windows Update.
  3. Execute complete TCP/IP stack and Winsock socket reset in elevated PowerShell.
  4. Disable 802.11ax/Wi-Fi 6 Channel Width aggregation if running on legacy 5GHz access points.
Interactive Diagnostic Lookup

Need to Look Up Another Windows Error Code?

Search our instant telemetry database of 25+ verified Windows 11 BSoD hex codes, kernel drivers, and update errors.

Frequent Errors:0x101 (Clock Watchdog)0x124 (WHEA Uncorrectable)0x1E (Kmode Exception)0x7E (System Thread)nvlddmkm.sys (Event 153)0x8024200d (Update Error)0x800f0915 (EFI Full)
Complete Forensic Analysis
Read our full workbench diagnostic guide for 0xD1
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